The term "Cretan State" typically refers to a brief period in the early 20th century when the island of Crete achieved a degree of autonomy before formally uniting with Greece. Here's a brief overview:
Background:
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Ottoman Rule: Crete had been under Ottoman rule for several centuries, with periodic uprisings and revolts against the Ottoman Empire.
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Late 19th Century: In the late 19th century, there were repeated revolts on the island against Ottoman rule.
Autonomy and International Administration (1898–1913):
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Cretan Uprising (1896–1898): A major uprising in 1896, known as the Cretan Revolt, led to international intervention.
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International Occupation (1898): In 1898, following the intervention of the Great Powers (Britain, France, Italy, and Russia), the Ottoman Empire withdrew from Crete, and the island came under international administration.
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Cretan State (1898–1913): Crete was declared an autonomous state under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire but with a high degree of self-governance.
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Prince George of Greece: Prince George of Greece was appointed as the High Commissioner of Crete to oversee the autonomous state.
Union with Greece (1913):
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Balkan Wars (1912–1913): Greece, along with other Balkan states, was involved in the Balkan Wars against the Ottoman Empire.
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Treaty of London (1913): The Treaty of London in 1913 recognized the end of Ottoman suzerainty over Crete.
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Union with Greece (1913): Shortly after the treaty, Crete formally joined Greece and was no longer an autonomous state. This union was recognized by the international community.
Legacy:
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Modern Crete: Crete has been an integral part of Greece since 1913 and has contributed significantly to Greek history, culture, and society.
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Autonomy Period Remembrance: The period of autonomy is remembered as a transitional phase in Cretan history, marking the final stages of foreign rule and the integration of the island into the modern Greek state.
Today, Crete is the largest and one of the most populous islands in Greece, known for its rich history, diverse landscapes, and vibrant culture. The brief period of the Cretan State represents a crucial chapter in the island's journey toward independence and reunification with the rest of Greece.
